OBJECTIVE: To determine if prior exposure to certain drugs is associated with increased risk of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). This population‑based case–control study included 168 cases diagnosed with AAV between 2006 and 2019 and 1,763 matched controls from southern Sweden. Prescription drug exposures were retrieved from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register; exposure was defined as purchase of at least one prescription prior to diagnosis with a 6‑month wash‑out period to reduce reverse causality. Conditional logistic regression evaluated associations. Results showed that some cardiovascular drugs (e.g., beta‑blockers, diuretics) were associated with lower odds of AAV, whereas systemic hormones (including glucocorticoids and thyroid hormones) and certain antiinfectives were linked to increased odds of AAV.